False Facts About False Beliefs - 1075 Words

Question 1: When something cannot be confirmed or is false, and is considered to be negative proof, this is called The Socratic Method. False beliefs can be eliminated using this particular method. The form of an argument is based on the purpose of a proposed hypothesis, then to see if the expected implications materialize. If the hypothesis does not appear to materialize, it is considered wrong. Therefore, if the hypothesis were true, the expected implications would not have followed. A quote from Socrates states: If I could only find a man wiser than myself then I might go to the god with a refutation in my hand. Socrates found that he was more knowledgeable then these men and never did he presume to be more knowledgeable than he was. He recognized that he was more knowledgeable but realized the point when he did not know something. The hypothesis would be for him to find someone more knowledgeable than himself and when this did not materialize, the hypothesis would have to be discarded. Throughout various Socratic works, this theme is re occurring. As oppose to just satisfying ones immediate desires, one must be virtuous. According to the will of the gods, life, which is well lived, prosperous and long, is not necessarily a good life. Simply he using this concept towards his prosecution manifests the Socratic Method into Plato’s dialogue, the Euthyphro. He used this concept towards ethical matters. It was first suggested throughout the Euthyphro thatShow MoreRelatedFalse Belief Tasks Of Children1693 Words   |  7 Pagesinterested in false-belief tasks in children. There is a lot of research in child psychology and development that relates to false belief tasks, but the aspect I found most interesting was how false belief tasks relate to children’s ability to lie. It was a theory that children who were unable to pass false belief tasks were unable to intend to deceive, because they lacked the understanding of false belief necessary to understand how to deceive someone. Without an understanding of false beliefs a childRead MoreCognitivism in Philosophy Essay1670 Words   |  7 PagesAfter that I will talk about some positives and negatives of non-cognitivism. Finally, I will tell you where I stand on the meta-ethics argument of cognitivism and non-cognitivism and why I agree with that theory. First thing I will go over, and break down cognitivism and non-cognitvism in meta-ethic philosophy. Cognitivism in philosophy is the meta-ethical theory that moral judgments state facts and are either true or false. Moral judgments are, or express states of beliefs. A strong cognitivistRead MorePlato s View On Epistemology1459 Words   |  6 Pagesknowledge; the knowledge of facts. It is composed of three separate conditions, truth, belief, and justification. I will begin by explaining the truth condition. This condition is generally unrefuted by epistemologists for how can we know something that is false? We can think we know something and then it turns out we don’t, but that just means we were wrong to think we knew it. For example, it is false that Anne Boleyn was the first president of the United States, and since it is false it is not the sortRead MoreThe Gettier Problem Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?1718 Words   |  7 PagesTripartite Theory of Knowledge- which s tates that Justified True Belief equaled knowledge- was fact. This means that with three conditions, one could know something. Firstly, if you believe something, secondly, if you have justification for believing, and thirdly, that your belief is in fact true. If all three of these conditions were met, then this amounted to knowledge. However, with the publication of Gettier’s paper, â€Å"Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?†, he attempted to prove, with the aid of a numberRead MoreThe Theory And The Coherence Theory Essay1316 Words   |  6 Pagescorrespondence theory and the coherence theory. Put simply, the former argues that a proposition is true if and only if it corresponds or relates to facts, while the latter claims that for a proposition to be true it must cohere with a set of beliefs (Walker, 1989). While both theories are positioned as competing ideas about how it can be determined whether or not a belief is true, the paper argues that the correspondence and coherence theories are insufficient to explain the meaning of truth. Instead, theRead MoreWhat is Absolute Truth? Essay1318 Words   |  6 Pagestrue or false. The truth can be something that appeals to a person, or that it can reason with a persons knowledge that they have already develop. The knowledge we possess can shape the way we think, so does this also change the in the truth that a person sees. Our knowledge also limits us to what we considered to be true. In our century every year we discover something new so our truth is constantly changing. One of the conflicts that also comes to mind when talking about true and false is whetherRead MoreThe Obligatory Elements For Establishing Fraudulent Misrepresentation1457 Words   |  6 Pagesan action for fraud and damages to the other party (Bob Wheelie). The sufficient evidence validates that: Mr Spokes held prior knowledge about the business claiming a false statement of fact; Mr Spokes provided the statement in order to induce Bob into entering the contract; Mr Spokes employed the use of misrepresentation knowing that such representation was false and would cause detrimental repercussions; and as a result Bob Wheelie suffered economic loss. Therefore, these findings indicate that BobRead MoreReport : A Lot Of Research 1013 Words   |  5 PagesIntro + Summary: A lot of research has been going on focusing on an infants ability to understand false beliefs. Researchers are emphasizing on an infants ability to understand mental representations. However, at the same time being critical of some of these assumptions underlying such premises is very important. Luo (2011) is one of the researchers who tried to test the idea of false beliefs in 10 month old infants. In his first experiment, Luo(2011) reported that the infants responded with increasedRead MoreThe Goal Of Any Philosopher1559 Words   |  7 Pagesthe one thing that has real meaning life. Truth is essential to understanding the world. All knowledge is based upon truth. The Idea of truth is first and for most a conviction of the mind. The mind has an inclination to view something to be true, false; we are convicted to believe one or the other. For example, if one were holding a model car that appears to be red, you can be convinced it is red; you can also be convinced it is red, dark red, pink, or even burgundy. One’s mind can perceive the carRead MoreSocrates s Argument At 30a B Of The Apology1386 Words   |  6 PagesEssay #1 In this paper I will argue that Socrates’s argument at 30a-b of the Apology that the best possible state of the soul is the most important thing in life means to eliminate false beliefs and to have virtue. Specifically, I will show why Socrates wants to eliminate false beliefs and why he insist on having virtue is important in life. Then I will demonstrate why Socrates’ argument is incorrect because he fails to identify the true catalyst that drives his happiness. I conclude Socrates’s

A Brief History of Islam Essay - 545 Words

There are three great western religions that through history have globally expanded throughout the world. One of those western religions is Islam. Islam was first introduced and developed on the Arabian Peninsula. Islam, like Judaism and Christianity, is a monotheistic religion. Islam means submission to one god. The followers of Islam are known as Muslims. One primary leader of Islam is a man named Muhammad. When an economy began to develop in the Arabian Peninsula and the city of Mecca played a major role in the prosperous economy. However, the prosperous economy mainly benefited rulers, who profited from the economy. There was still a large group of Arabic people, who made a living by farming, herding, and trading, but†¦show more content†¦Many polytheistic Arabians and Christians went to Kaba, a pilgrimage site in Mecca, to worship the gods, goddesses, and Allah. However a man named Muhammad came along and altered these beliefs. The prophet Muhammad (570-632 AD), was born into a relatively poor family and was recognized by a Christian monk, at the age of twelve, as a prophet. Muhammad married a widow, Khadija. At the age of forty, during the month of Ramadan, Muhammad began receiving divine revelations, and formed a strong belief that there is only one god, Allah. Muhammad recited messages, which included belief in one god, giving charity, and prepare for final judgment. These messages were told out loud and recorded and brought about in Arabic into the Quran. Muhammads messages caused controversy and endangered him and that led him to flee to Medina, this migration was called hijra, where he founded the first Islamic community, or umma. The umma moved to Mecca, and Muhammad got rid of the statues of deities in Kaba and continued to preach. Muhammad died in 632, and was succeeded by four caliphs, deputies. Many disagreements erupted on whether Muhammads successor should be selected or be a blood desce ndant. This lead to a split of the Muslims into the Sunnis and Shia. As Islam continued to grow and expand, Muslims began interacting with non-muslims, peacefully and violently. A violent interaction was demonstrated by the crusades. The crusades were a holy war between EuropeanShow MoreRelatedIslam And Its Influence Throughout Prominent Kingdoms1274 Words   |  6 PagesTim Matoba Dr. Marsh 13 November 2015 World History, pd. 7 Islam and Its Influence Throughout Prominent Kingdoms Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, one of the most valiant world powers of its time, received heavy influence from the spread of Islam through Europe and Asia Minor. Culture, military, and politics also held a stranglehold on the Ottoman Empire. Emerging as one of the many Turkish states in Asia Minor from the decline of the Seljuk Turk Empire, the Ottoman Turks began to engulf surroundingRead MoreStudy1102 Words   |  5 PagesMuslim Reformist Movements:Mujadad Alf Sani Sheikh Ahmad Sirhindi Brief Life History Birth 26th June 1564, Sirhind in East Punajb. Named Ahmed and title was Badr-ul-Dir S/o Sheikh Abdul Ahad uptio Hazrat Umer Farooq Read Quran, Hadith and Fiqh from father and Maulana Kamal and Maulana Yaqub Kashmiri Journey to Agra and met with Fazl and Faizi Journey to Delhi and met with Hazrat Khawaja Baqi Billah Bairang Died in 10th December 1624 in Sirhin Quotation Hazrat Khwaja Baqi Billah predicted Read MoreIslamic Reform Movements Essay1531 Words   |  7 Pagesnation-state and the principle of separation between the church and state. All Islamic reform movements seek to change Islam and society on the basis of a return to a strict adherence to the Quran and the Hadiths. To reform Islam and society, reform movements advocate the taking of political power in order to command that which is proper and forbid that which is reprehensible. In brief, this means that life and societies have to be governed by the Sharia. Governance according to the Sharia can onlyRead MoreIslam: The Second Largest Religion in the World872 Words   |  3 Pagesmodern day, Islam is the second largest religion in the world only behind Christianity. The word itself means â€Å"peace through the submission of god.† It’s roots date back to the 7th century C.E. in the Middle East and its followers are called Muslims which literally means â€Å"anyone or anything that submits itself to the will of god.† The goal of their religion is to surrender to the will of god in every aspect of their lives and enjoy the resulting peac e with god and each other. The name Islam is givenRead MoreWhy Were The Crusades?1389 Words   |  6 Pagesbegan and what was the outcome the crusades. There were a number of Christian Crusades during the time period of 1095 A.D. to 1291 A.D. and it is the intentions of this paper to provide the reader with reasons why the crusades took place, provide a brief synopsis of the different Crusades and did these Crusades accomplish anything to promote Christianity. Historical and Political Considerations The best place to start in order to understand why the crusades took place would be to define what a crusadeRead MoreThe Great Game1075 Words   |  5 Pagessuch as the British Empire and the Czarist Russia race to seize Afghanistan. On two separate occasions, British troops from India were able to enter into the country and establish puppet governments for economic reasons. This phase of Afghanistan history is respectively known as â€Å"the Great Game.† However, those who existed at this time frame would not simply word it as â€Å"a game†. People of invaded regions underwent devastating states of material destruction and poverty. 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Chemistry Filtration

Question: Describe about the Chemistry Filtration? Answer: synopses It is common in various process operations to obtain slurry which contain solid articles immersed in a liquid and thus need to be separated. The most common method to ensure the same is to filter the slurry using a filter cloth having a file mesh which results in the solid particles being deposited on the cloth while the liquid would be filtered. In the above process either of the products or both may be useful (Wakeman Tarleton, 2005). Once the solid cake starts depositing on the cloth mesh it results in greater resistance which thus requires higher pressure for forcing the liquid through the mesh. In case a vacuum filter is deployed, the above mentioned problem could be resolved by continuously removing the cake from the cloth but it considerably slows the overall process and results in a loose cake. To counter these loopholes, a higher pressure filtration may be more suitable but it needs a PRESS in which the whole system needs to be constrained and repeatedly opened for removing the solid dense cake (Dickenson, 1997). Introduction Filtration may be defined as the process in which solid matter is separated from the liquid constituents by passing the mixture through a filter which causes the liquid (called filtrate) to pass which retaining the solid on the pores. The filter material has many choices namely unglazed earthenware, sand, asbestos, slag- or glass-wool, cloth or cotton-wool, asbestos or any material which is porous. In case of using filter press, a slurry pump is employed which deploys the pressure drive principle for guiding the overall filtration process and measuring the overall resistance provided both by the solid cake and the filter employed (Tien, 2006). Whenever a filter press is employed, after regular volume the operation needs to be stopped for discharging the solid cake deposited on the filter and then only the next batch can be processed. Skeleton and filter pack are the two prominent components of filter press. The role of the skeleton is to ensure that under the pressure developed in th e filter chamber, the filter pack is held together (Matteson Orr, 1987). However only a specific volume of the cake can be held by the same. Experimental technique: 1st part The first step is to weigh the filter papers. After this the screws are unscrewed for opening the filter. Further to the filter, the filter paper is added after which it is sealed to ensure the filter paper remains there. The filter is then screwed back. Now the pressure is set for conducting the experiment. Further the valves are opened so as to allow the chalk solution to be passed through the filter. At particular heights and points, the volume of the solution needs to be measured along with the time taken to reach these volumes. The valves need to be closed after reaching a particular value. Once such a volume is reached, the filter is unscrewed and the filter paper is dried in an oven. The filter paper need to be weighed after nearly a week to determine the mass of filtrate. For a particular pressure level, the above process needs to be repeated thrice to enhance accuracy. Further the same procedure needs to be carried out for different pressure levels. Part 2 The filter material needs to be made wet and then weighed. The bolt needs to be unwind so as to loosen the filter machine. The filter material is then inserted between four plates after which the bolt is tightened. Then the red valve needs to be closed while the valve 1 is opened. The filter procedure is then conducted for a pre-determined amount of time (for instance 300 seconds). After the time is finished, the chalk solution is stopped by opening the red valve and closing the valve 1. Further on each run, at a particular time the flow rate needs to be measured. For a particular pressure level, the above process needs to be repeated thrice to enhance accuracy. Further the same procedure needs to be carried out for different pressure levels. Discussion: Filtration may be defined as the process in which solid matter is separated from the liquid constituents by passing the mixture through a filter which causes the liquid (called filtrate) to pass which retaining the solid on the pores. The filter becomes effective only when an initial deposit of the solid cake happens on the filter. For experimental purposes, in a laboratory a Buchner funnel is deployed and additionally a vacuum source is deployed so as to suck liquid out of the thin particle layer. However for simpler experiments, the apparatus is much simpler and only a conical funnel containing a filter paper is used for filtering the solution (Sutherland Chase, 2008). For Constant pressure filtration: In case of filtration at constant pressure, there is a decrease in the rate of filtration as the resistance of the filter continues to increase as the solid particles keep on depositing on the filter. This trend is also validated from the results obtained from the experiment. Additionally it is also notices that the resistance provided by the solid cake is directly proportional to the pressure level. Further the cake thickness is directly proportional to the total amount of filtered feed and consequently the filtrate. However, there is an inverse relationship between the cake thickness and the filter area. Further, there is a direct relationship between filtration pressure and filtration time. The slope and resulting intercept can be known from the graph between [v/(t)] and [v(t)]. The constant pressure filtration has certain advantages and disadvantages which are mentioned below (Dickenson, 1997). Advantages Sizable amount of experimental studies have been conducted Procedure is simple and data can be easily recorded Increase in the flow rate when the medium is approached by liquid which results in the filter cake being compressed Disadvantages Consistency is lacking especially when tests are performed by different researchers and hence results need to be revalidated. During the period of medium blocking, there may be issues with maintaining a constant level of pressure on the filter cake. There is a paucity of time for the study of initial filtration period. For plate and frame filter press: The apparatus in this case primarily requires a set of square plates which in order to create compartments are segregated using hollows frames. The plates after being covered with filter medium are stacked in a vertical manner by the use of a screw. There is a projection of the plates along the circumference. After this, the plate and frame portion slurry is introduced. It is apparent from the graph of Filtration volume vs Time (attached in the Appendix) that the filtrate volume encounters a gradual reduction as filtration proceeds. This is primarily because as the layer of the cake formed thickens, the resistance offered to filtration also increases. Further it is apparent from the Filtration pressure vs Time graph that there is a direct relationship between the filtration time and filtration pressure. Further, it is also noted in he experiments that while the outermost frames has the majority of the filter cakes while the cake formation in the middle frames is primarily incomplete. Hence the filtration process throughout the plate is non uniform and thus accounts for experimental error. The experiment determines the relationship between cake thickness, filtration pressure and filtrate volumetofiltration time in a plate and frame filteroperation. It is apparent that there is an inverse relationship between filtrate volumeand filtration time due to which there is a decline in the collection of volume as the process of filtration proceeds (Tarleston,1998). Safety and Errors : The experimental results may be considered theoretically correct till the correlations obtained are the same as determined by theoretical calculations. However during this experiment especially in the first stage certain errors were committed primarily because of lack of enough volume readings and thus the correlations obtained experimentally for certain variables do not match with the theoretically expected relations. In order to ensure experimental accuracy certain anomalous readings were ignored (Tien, 2006). Conclusion It may be concluded from the experiment that the results should be considered acceptable till the time that these are in line with the theoretical framework and obtain all required variables. It was found that there is a direct relationship between the equivalent resistance of the cake filtration and the differential pressure. Due to certain experimental errors, the experimental compressibility factor is on the higher side as compared to the expected value. This cannot be correct since the experimental errors cannot be accurately measured and their source primarily unidentified as to whether it is the commitment of the student or issues of quality of the equipments used in the apparatus. References Dickenson, T.C. 1997. Filters and Filtration Handbook. 4th edn, Elsevier Advanced Technology, Oxford Matteson, M. Orr, C. 1987. Filtration: Principles and Practices, 2nd edn, CRC Press, New York Sutherland, K.S. Chase, G. 2008. Filters and Filtration Handbook. 5th edn, Elsevier Advanced Technology, Oxford Tien, C. 2006. Introduction to Cake Filtration, 1st edn, Elsevier BV, Amsterdam Tarleston, E.S. 1998. Predicting the performance of pressure filters, Filtration and Separation, Vol.35, No.2, pp. 293-298 Wakeman, R. Tarleton, S. 2005. Principles of Industrial Filtration, 1st edn, Elsevier Advanced Technology, Oxford